Production Technology of SSAW Steel Pipe

SSAW steel pipe (some people call it spiral welded pipe) is also a kind of welded pipe, its strength is generally higher than the LSAW steel pipe. Spiral welded pipe with large diameter can be produced by the narrow blank, and SSAW steel pipe with different diameter can also be produced by the same width of blank. However, compared with the same length of the straight pipe, the weld length increased by 30 to 100%, and the production rate is low. Therefore, the smaller diameter of the pipe mostly use LSAW steel pipe, large diameter welded pipe mostly use spiral welded pipe.

The production process of SSAW steel pipe

SSAW steel pipe is the steel pipe with spiral seam that using the strip coil as raw material, extrusion forming under normal temperature, and using automatic double wire double-sided submerged arc welding process to weld.

1.Raw materials are coil, wire, flux. Those must finish the rigorous physical and chemical testing before putting into.
2.The head and tail of strip steel butt joint, use single or double wire submerged arc welding, and use automatic submerged arc welding to repair welding after rolled into steel pipe.
3.Before forming, the strip will go through the leveling, cutting edge, planing edge, surface cleaning and delivery to the edge of the treatment.
4.Using electrical contact pressure gauge control the pressure of the cylinder on both sides of the conveyor to ensure the smooth delivery of the strip.
5.Use external control or internal control roll forming.
6.Use weld gap control device to ensure that the weld gap to meet the welding requirements, diameter, misalignment and weld gap are strictly controlled.
7.Welding and external welding all use American Lincoln welding machine to single or double wire submerged arc weld, in order to obtain a stable welding specifications.
8.The welding line after welding must go through on-line continuous ultrasonic automatic injury inspection to ensure that 100% of the spiral weld non-destructive testing coverage. If there are defects, automatic alarm and spray marking, production workers adjust the process parameters at any time, eliminate of defects timely.
9.Use air plasma cutting machine to cut a single pipe.
10.After cutting into a single steel pipe, the first three of each batch of steel pipe must be carried out a strict first inspection system, to check the weld mechanical properties, chemical composition, melting conditions, steel pipe surface quality and after nondestructive testing to ensure that the pipe process qualified, so it can be put into formal production.
11.There are parts marked by ontinuous acoustic flaw on the seam, after manual ultrasound and X-ray review, if there are defects, after repair, again after the nondestructive test until the defect has been confirmed to eliminate.
12.The butt welds and helical welds of strip steel where the junction of the Ding-type joints, all through the X-ray TV or film inspection.
13.Each pipe must go through the hydrostatic test, the pressure using radial seal. Test pressure and time by the steel pipe hydraulic microcomputer detection device strictly controlled. Test parameters are automatically printed.
14.Pipe end machining, so that the vertical face, bevel angle and blunt edge to be accurately controlled.

Carbon Steel Pipe Application: Construction Steel Pipe

According to whether there is a weld seam on pipe wall, construction steel pipe is divided into seamless steel pipe and welded steel pipe. Seamed steel pipe is also divided into spiral welded pipe and LSAW steel pipe according to the different kinds of weld seam. Both of those are used very commonly in the construction piling, structure, steel structure, load bearing, drainage and other aspects of the application. The material of construction steel pipe mainly includes carbon steel, stainless steel, and alloy steel. Among those material, carbon steel material application is the most extensive. The length of the steel pipe can be carried out length according to the requirements of customer, and also can be scattered feet. Construction seamless steel pipe can be divided into: hot-rolled seamless pipe, cold drawn tube, precision steel pipe, thermal expansion pipe, cold spinning pipe and extrusion pipe according to the production method. Hot-rolled tubes are used more in the construction industry.

Pipe Application: Piling Steel Pipe

Piling steel pipe is the steel pipe that made of steel or strip after crimping, specifications includes φ219-φ2232 different wall thickness, the implementation of SY/T5037-2000, GB/T9711.1-1997 standards and APISpec5L standards. It is widely used in natural gas, oil, chemical, power, heat, water supply and drainage, steam heating, hydropower station pressure pipe, thermal power, water and other long-distance pipeline and piling, bridges, steel and other engineering fields. The anti-corrosion method of punching steel pipe is also started by controlling one of the process. For example, add anticorrosion coating to outer surface of the pipe, which will increase the circuit resistance and decrease the corrosion current; coupled with DC power, so that the steel pipe causes negative potential to the soil and form the cathodic protection, which can eliminate the anode and cathode.

Piling steel pipe commonly adopts spiral welded pipe and LSAW steel pipe with large diameter. The surface of steel pipe weld seam shall not have cracks, arc breaking, crater, porosity and other defects. If there are above-mentioned defects existing, repairing welding is allowed, repairing welding is allowed. It is allowed to that there are steel strip butt weld on the steel pipe, and the steel pipe is allowed to be docked by two pipe sections. The welding can be carried out by submerged arc welding or manual welding. The main production process of piling steel pipe is mainly double-sided submerged arc welding technology. More detailes about submerged arc welding process and its pros and cons, please click the hyper-link to know.

Markings of piling steel pipe

Each of the accepted piling steel pipe should be marked with fadeless paint, and we should along the perimeter of the piling steel pipe brush 50mm wide white paint at about 200mm from the inside of the pipe end. The steel pipe used for the red pipe should mark red paint to show the difference:

1. Color should be eye-catching, and should ensure that the piling steel pipe exposed to the air at least 4 months does not fade;
2. Marking color should be from the end of 200mm, and brush the entire circumference, the letter height should be at least 25mm;
3. Using metric units;
4. The number of piling steel pipe should be compiled in sequence;
5. Piling steel pipe should have number;
6. doing die marking on the end of the pipe directly facing longitudinal weld seam.

How to Increase the Stability of the SSAW Steel Pipe?

After the production of SSAW steel pipe, it should be stored.If we don’t do some measures to keep its stability, it will rust and be corroded. So we will talk about how to increase the stability of the spiral welded pipe today. Generally speaking, we have followed methods:

1. Small and medium-sized steel, wire rod, rebar, steel pipe with medium diameter, wire and wire rope, etc., can be stored in well-ventilated shed, but must put covering in the upper part of the goods and underlay at the bottom of the goods.

2. Some small steel shape, sheet steel, steel strip, silicon steel sheet, small diameter or thin-walled steel pipe, all kinds of cold-rolled or cold-drawn steel and the metal products with high prices and easy-to-corrode can be stored in warehouse.

3. The ground or warehouse to store spiral steel pipe should choose the place where is orderly and clean, and it is easy to fluently drain away water. It should stay away from the factories and mines that products harmful gases or dust. We also need to remove the weeds and all debris to keep the steel clean on the ground.

4. Large-scale structural steel, steel rail, large diameter steel pipe, forgings, etc. can be opened stack.

5. In the warehouse, SSAW steel pipe should not be stacked with the acid, alkali, salt, cement and other materials that have corrodibility on steel together. Different varieties of steel should be stacked separately, to prevent confusion and prevent contact corrosion.

Material and Standard Classification of SSAW Steel Pipe

Material of SSAW steel pipe:

SSAW steel pipe (also called spiral welded pipe) is the steel pipe with spiral seam that using strip coil as raw material, extrusion forming under normal temperature, and welding by automatic Double wire double-sided submerged arc welding process. The material of it includes: Q235A, Q23b, 0Cr13, 1Cr17, 00Cr19Ni11, 1Cr18Ni9, 0Cr18Ni11Nb, Q345, L245(B), L290(X42), L320(X46), L485(X70), L555(X80).

Standard classification of SSAW steel pipe:

1. Spiral welded pipe (SY5036-83) used for pressurized fluid transportation is mainly used for conveying oil and natural gas pipeline.
2. Spiral seam high-frequency welded steel pipe (SY5038-83) used for pressurized fluid transportation, it is welded with high-frequency welding method. The loading capacity of it is powerful, the plastic is good, and it is easy to weld and machine shaping.
3. Spiral welded pipe (SY5037-83) used for general low-pressure fluid transmission, it is welded with double-sided automatic submerged arc welding method or one-side welding method, it is mainly used for water, gas, air and steam and other general low-pressure fluid delivery.

Now general standards for SSAW steel pipe is generally divided into: SY/T5037-2000 (ministerial standard, also known as spiral submerged arc welded steel pipe for ordinary fluid transportation pipeline), GB/T9711.1-1997 (Chinese standard, also known as pipe for oil and gas industry transportation, API-5L (American Petroleum Institute, also known as pipeline steel pipe; which is divided into PSL1 and PSL2), SY/T5040-92 (spiral seam submerged arc welded pipe for pile).

Prime Steel Pipe as a excellent manufacturer and exporter of steel pipe, will provide the spiral welded pipe with highest quality and the most comprehensive service for our customer. If you are interested in our products, you can click the hyper-link to view details.

Types of Welded Steel Pipe

1. Welded steel pipe (GB/T3092-1993) used in Low-pressure fluid delivery, also known as the general welded pipe, commonly known as black tube. It is the welded steel pipe that used to transport of water, gas, air, oil and heating steam, and other generally fluids with lower pressure. Steel pipe is divided into ordinary steel pipe and thickened pipe according wall thickness; is divided into non-threaded steel pipe (light pipe) and threaded steel pipe according to the form of pipe end. The specifications of the steel pipe are denoted by nominal caliber (mm), and the nominal caliber is the approximate value of the inner diameter. It traditionally uses inches to express, such as 11/2 and so on. Welded steel pipe used in Low-pressure fluid delivery in addition to directly use for the transport of fluid, but also is used as the original tube of galvanized welded steel pipe used in Low-pressure fluid delivery.

2. Galvanized welded steel pipe (GB/T3091-1993) used in Low-pressure fluid transmission, also known as galvanized welded steel pipe, commonly known as white tube. It is the hot dipping galvanized welded (butt weld or electrowelding) steel pipe used to transport water, gas, air oil and heating steam, warm water and other generally fluids in lower pressure. Steel pipe is divided into ordinary galvanized steel pipe and thick galvanized steel pipe according to wall thickness; is divided into non-threaded galvanized steel pipe and threaded galvanized steel pipe according to the form of pipe end. It traditionally uses inches to express, such as 11/2 and so on.

3. Ordinary carbon steel electric wire conduit (GB3640-88) is used in electrical installation ( such as the industrial and civil construction and installation of electrical equipment and other works) to protect the wire of the steel pipe.

4. LSAW steel pipe (YB242-63) is the pipe that the weld longitudinally parallel to steel pipe. It is usually divided into metric welded steel pipe, welded thin-walled pipe, transformer cooling tubing and so on.

5. SSAW steel pipe (SY5036-83) for pressurized fluid delivery is made of hot-rolled steel coil as tube blanks, spirally forming in normal temperature and welded by double-sided submerged arc welding, used for pressurized fluid delivery. The loading capacity of steel pipe is strong, welding performance is good, after a variety of strict scientific inspection and testing, it can be used safely and reliably. The diameter of steel pipe is big, transport efficiency is high, and it can save the laying of pipeline investment. So it is mainly used for conveying oil and gas pipelines.

6. ERW steel pipe used for pressurized fluid transmission (SY5038-83) is made of hot-rolled steel coil as tube blanks, spirally forming in normal temperature, welded by high-frequency lap welding, used for pressurized fluid transportation. The loading capacity of steel pipe is strong, plasticity is good, and it is easy to weld and machine shaping. After a variety of rigorous and scientific inspection and testing, the pipe is safe and reliable to use, the diameter of steel pipe is large, transport efficiency is high, and it can save the laying of pipeline investment.

7. Spiral welded steel pipe (SY5037-83) used in general low-pressure fluid transmission is made of hot-rolled steel coil as tube blanks, spirally forming in normal temperature, use double-sided automatic submerged arc welding or single-sided welding method to weld. It is used for water, gas, air and steam and other general low-pressure fluid transmission.

8. ERW steel pipe (SY5039-83) used in general low-pressure fluid transmission is made of hot-rolled steel coil as tube blanks, spirally forming in normal temperature, use high-frequency lap welding to weld,. It is used for general low-pressure fluid delivery.

9. Spiral welded steel pipe (SY5040-83) used as pile is made of hot-rolled steel coil as tube blanks, spirally forming in normal temperature, use double-sided submerged arc welding or high-frequency welding to make. It is used for civil construction, wharf, bridge and other foundation pile steel pipe.

Differences between LSAW Steel Pipe and Spiral Welded Pipe

Welded carbon steel pipe includes LSAW (longitudinal submerged arc welded) steel pipe and spiral welded pipe. Some people those do not very understand this industry may not know differences between the former and the latter very clearly. Don’t worry, today we will talk about this topic.

Spiral welded pipe is made by using low carbon construction steel strip or low alloy structural steel strip to roll into a tube according to a certain helix angle (called the forming angle), and then welding the seam together. It can use the narrow band steel to produce steel pipe with large diameter. Spiral welded pipe is mainly used for oil and natural gas pipeline, its specifications are expressed by outer diameter * wall thickness. Spiral welded pipe with also includes single-sided welding and double-sided welding.

LSAW steel pipe is made by using strip steel as raw materials and doing longitudinal welded in the high-frequency welding equipment(hence the name due to the weld forms a straight line). In accordance with the use of different, there are different following production process (can be divided into scaffolding tube, fluid tube, wire casing, bracket tube, fence tube, etc.).

From the production process, the production process of straight seam welded pipe is simple, the production efficiency is high, the cost is low, and it develops rapidly. But the strength of the spiral welded pipe is generally higher than that of the LSAW steel pipe. Spiral welded pipe with larger diameter can be produced with the narrow billet, and the pipe with different diameter can also be produced with the same width. However, compared with the same length of the LSAW steel pipe, the weld length of spiral welded pipe increased by 30 to 100%, and the production rate of it is low.

From the welding process, the welding method of spiral welded pipe and straight seam welded pipe is consistent. But the straight seam welded pipe will inevitably have a lot of T-shaped welds, so the probability of appearing welding defects are greatly improved. And the welding residual stress at TIG welding is large, the weld metal is often in three-dimensional stress condition, which increases the possibility of producing crack. Moreover, according to the submerged arc welding process, each weld should have starting arc place and arc blowout place, but each LSAW steel pipe can not achieve the conditions in the welding ring, which may cause there are more welding defects in the arc blowout place.

Anti-corrosion Technology of Spiral Welded Pipe

We all know that the individual quality of spiral welded pipe is relatively large, so it must be stacked outdoors. But it is difficult to avoid being exposed to the sun and rain. So the rust problem has been puzzled the storage time and conditions of spiral welded pipe. Today, we need to carry out a comprehensive solution to the knowledge of anti-corrosion technology of spiral welded pipe.

The toolrust-removal of spiral welded pipe mainly uses steel wire brush and other tools to polish the steel surface, and then cleans and preheats the spiral welded pipe, which can remove loose or turnup mill scale, rust, welding slag and so on. Using manual tool to remove rust can reach Sa 2 level, using power tools can reach Sa 3 level. If there is steady oxide-scale adhering to the steel pipe surface, the effect of toolrust-removal is not ideal, it can not up to the depth of abrasion pattern that required by anti-corrosion construction.

Pickling refers to use solvents, emulsions to clean the surface of the spiral welded pipe (SSAW steel pipe) delivered by low pressure fluid, to achieve removing of oil, grease, dirt, lubricants, and similar organic matter, but it can not remove the rust, mill scale, welding flux, etc. on the surface of spiral welded pipe. So Pickling can only as an auxiliary mean in the anti-corrosion production. Manufacturer general use chemical and electrolytic two methods for pickling treatment, pipeline anti-corrosion technology only adopts chemical pickling, that can remove mill scale, rust, the old coating. And sometimes it can be used as re-treatment after derusting by sandblast. Although Chemical cleaning can make the surface to achieve a certain degree of cleanliness and roughness, but its anchor is shallow, and it is easy to cause stacking environment pollution of spiral pipe welding.

Reasonable using the means to clean the rusty pipe can ensure that spiral welded pipe serves the production for a long time and create more production efficiency.

Features and Uses of Small Caliber Spiral Welded Pipe

Although small caliber spiral welded pipe is small, its function is a lot. So what the features and uses of small diameter spiral welded pipe are?

Features of small-diameter spiral welded pipe:

The production process of spiral welded pipe is simple, but it has high production efficiency. It can use material to form a larger pipe diameter pipe, it can also use the same width of preform body to product pipes with different diameter. However, compared with the same LSAW steel pipe, the length of weld seam is increased by 30% to 100%, and its production rate is low. Therefore, the smaller diameter of the steel pipe mostly use straight welding, large diameter welded pipes mostly use spiral welded pipe.

Uses of small-diameter spiral welded pipe:

Spiral welded pipe is mainly used in tap water engineering, petrochemical industry, chemical industry, power industry, agricultural irrigation, urban construction, and it is one of the 20 key products for the development of China. It is used for liquid delivery: water supply, drainage. It is used for gas transmission: gas, steam, liquefied petroleum gas. It is used for the structure: piling pipe, bridge girder, the pipe for wharf, road, building structure and so on.

Characteristics of Spiral Welded Pipe Production

Several days ago, we shared the introduction of spiral welded pipe (also called SSAW steel pipe), now, let us continue to understand characteristics of spiral welded pipe production.

Characteristics of spiral welded pipe production includes:

(1)Manufacturers can use the same width of the strip steel to produce a variety of diameter steel pipe;

(2)The flatness of pipe is good, the size of it is more accurate, the spiral weld inside and outside increases the rigidity of pipe body, so the production process of SSAW steel pipe doesn't need sizing and straightening process after welding;

(3)Easy to achieve mechanization, automation and continuous production;

(4)Compared to other equipments those have similar size, it has a small size, small footprint and investment, and fast construction;

(5)Compared with the same size of the straight seam welded pipe, the weld seam per unit length of tube stock is comparatively long, which makes spiral welded pipe production has lower productivity.

Welded Pipe vs. Seamless Pipe

Advantages Of Welded

Welded pipes are typically more cost effective than their seamless equivalents.

Welded pipes are usually more readily available than seamless. The longer lead time required for seamless pipes can not only make timing problematic, but it also allows more time for the price of the materials to fluctuate.

The wall thickness of welded pipes is generally more consistent than that of seamless pipes.

The internal surface of welded tubes can be checked before manufacturing, which isn’t possible with seamless.

Advantages Of Seamless

The main perceived advantage of seamless pipes is that they don’t have a weld seam. Traditionally, the seam of welded pipes has been viewed as a weak spot, vulnerable to failure and corrosion. For many years, this fear was probably justified. However, in recent years improvements in the manufacturing process for welded steel pipes and other welded pipes have boosted the strength and performance of the weld seam to levels indistinguishable from that of the rest of the pipe.

Seamless pipes provide peace of mind. Although there should be no issues with the seams of welded pipes supplied by reputable manufacturers, seamless pipes prevent any possibility of a weak seam.

Seamless pipes have better ovality, or roundness, than welded pipes.

Get Welded Or Seamless For Your Next Project

Need more help deciding between welded and seamless? Contact us so we can help you determine the needs of your project. We have a large inventory of welded carbon pipes, steel pipes and more, as well as an equally robust selection of their seamless counterparts.

Why Use Welded Pipe

Structural welded pipe (tubing) can be used for a wide variety of mechanical applications. It may be used either statically or dynamically. Its close tolerances, good finish, and dense structure make it ideal for parts such as structural support and parts, frames, racks, trailer beds and trailer components, structural components and supports for buildings, bridges, and highways, conveyors, machine parts, ornamental usages and a wide range of applications in industrial, construction, automotive, appliance and agricultural industries. 

Welded pipes are generally more cost effective than the equivalent seamless alternative. They are significantly more available both from distributor and mill stocks and from a mill production lead time perspective. With longer lead times seamless tubes can be exposed to unknown alloying price extras that can fluctuate substantially, hence it can be difficult to plan and predict the true costs for the material. Therefore in addition to faster delivery times for Erw tubes, there is the added advantage of lower economical risk. Erw welded steel tubes generally have better surface quality as compared with manufacturing seamless tubes. Seamless tubes are generally made in multiple steps starting with hot extrusion to form the tube hollows from billets.

Do you need welded pipe? Check out our welded offers, then contact us for a quote. We’d love to discuss the needs of your next project.

Spiral Weld Pipe Demand in Saudi Arabia

In recent years, many social and economic infrastructure projects executed in Saudi Arabia. The Kingdom's government has allocated huge amounts inventment for industrial projects such as water, transportation and manufacturing due to the increasing demand for water. The developing of water desalination industry has contributed to a significant rise in demand for spiral welded pieps in the Kingdom. The spiral welded pipe industry is withnessing tremendous growth in production, as various players expanded their production capacities to meet the soring spiral pipe demand. According to the analysis, the deman of spiral welded pipes is expected to grow at a CAGR of more than 4% during 2015-2020. Also, the main factors that leading to increase in the demand and consumption for spiral welded pipes includes increasing government spending in water projects, increasing inventments in new filed exploration for oil and gas, and increasing construction & infrastructure projects etc. 

Welded Pipe Manufacturing

Three types of welding processes:

Electric Resistance Welding: During ERW, a high frequency electrical current is transmitted to

the material by means of copper sliding contacts so that the abutting edges initiate fusion as they come into contact.

Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welding: In LSAW, the butt joint of the pipe is welded in at least two phases, one of which is on the inside of the pipe. The welds are made by heating with an electrode arc between the bare metal electrodes. Pressure is not used. Filler metal for the welds is obtained from the electrodes.

Spiral Submerged Arc Welding: Spiral SAW allows large diameter pipes to be produced from narrower plates or skelps. During this process, the weld pool is protected against oxidation by a flux produced from the electrode fed separately onto the weld.

Welding Tips of Spiral Pipe

Such as spiral steel pipe weld gap is too large, the effect of cuts constituting nearby, eddy current lack of heat, weld crystal adverse indirect co-occurrence of cracks or lack of fusion; if the gap is too small, the effect is increased near constitute, excessive heat welding to form weld seam burning; perhaps weld by kneading, rolling after composing pit, affecting the quality of the weld surface of the tube is heated to a marginal two welding temperature, under kneading roll kneading, together constitute the metal grain mutual penetration, crystallization, ending spiral steel pipe welds constitute strong kneading force is too small if, together constitute the number of crystals is small, the weld metal strength decreases, cracking may occur after the force; If kneading excessive force will make the molten metal is extruded weld situation, not only reduces the weld strength, and the list will be a lot of glitches, and even take the welding seam constitute disadvantages.

Spiral Welded Pipe Classification

Spiral Welded Pipe can be applied in different area. Generally, it is widely applied for fluid service, ordinary structure, line pipe and casing. In the steel industry, we classified different steel pipe standards for different application. For detailed classification, please see the table below:

  

Classification	Standard	Main Products
1. Spirl Welded Pipe for Fluid Service	GB/T 14291	Welded pipe for mine fluid sevice
	GB/T 3091	Welded pipe for low pressure fluid service
	SY/T 5037	Spirally submerged arc welded steel pipe for pipelines for low pressure fluid service
	ASTM A53	Black and hot-hipped galvanized welded and seamless steel pipe
	BS EN10217-2	Welded steel tybes for pressure purposes - delivery technical conditions - part2: Electric welded non- alloy and alloy  steel tubes with specified elevated temperature properties
	BS EN10217-5	Welded steel tybes for pressure purposes - delivery technical conditions - part5: submerged arc welded non-alloy  and alloy steel tubes with specified elevated temperature properties
2. Spiral Welded Pipe for Ordinary Structure	GB/T 13793	Longitudinally electric resistance welded steel pipe
	SY/T 5040	Spirally submerged arc welded steel pipe piles
	ASTM A252	Welded and seamless steel pipe piles
	BS EN10219-1	Cold formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels - part1: Technical delivert  conditions
	BS EN10219-2	Cold formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels - part2: tolerances dimmsions and  sectional properties
3. Spiral Welded Pipe for Line Pipe	GB/T 9711.1	Steel pipe for pipeline transportation system of petroleum and natural gas industries(Class A steel pipe)
	GB/T 9711.2	Steel pipe for pipeline transportation system of petroleum and natural gas industries(Class B steel pipe)
	API 5L PSL1/2	Line pipe
4. Spiral Welded Pipe for Casing	API 5CT/ ISO  11960 PSL1	Steel pipe for use as casing or tubing for wells of petroleum and natural gas industries

Spiral Welded Pipe: Chemical Analysis and Mechanical Properties

Chemical Analysis and Mechanical Properties for Spiral Welded Pipe. Different steel pipe standards and steel grades have different requirements on chemical composition and mechanical properties. For detailed technical data, please check the table below:

Standard	Grade	Chemical Composition(max)%					Mechanical Properties(min)
		C	Si	Mn	P	S	Tensile Strength(Mpa)	Yield Strength(Mpa)
API 5CT	h40	-	-	-	-	0.030	417	417
	J55	-	-	-	-	0.030	517	517
	K55	-	-	-	-	0.030	655	655
API 5L PSL1	A	0.22	-	0.90	0.030	0.030	335	335
	B	0.26	-	1.20	0.030	0.030	415	415
	X42	0.26	-	1.30	0.030	0.030	415	415
	X46	0.26	-	1.40	0.030	0.030	435	435
	X52	0.26	-	1.40	0.030	0.030	460	460
	X56	0.26	-	1.40	0.030	0.030	490	490
	X60	0.26	-	1.40	0.030	0.030	520	520
	X65	0.26	-	1.45	0.030	0.030	535	535
	X70	0.26	-	1.65	0.030	0.030	570	570
API 5L PSL2	B	0.22	0.45	1.20	0.025	0.015	415	415
	X42	0.22	0.45	1.30	0.025	0.015	415	415
	X46	0.22	0.45	1.40	0.025	0.015	435	435
	X52	0.22	0.45	1.40	0.025	0.015	460	460
	X56	0.22	0.45	1.40	0.025	0.015	490	490
	X60	0.12	0.45	1.60	0.025	0.015	520	520
	X65	0.12	0.45	1.60	0.025	0.015	535	535
	X70	0.12	0.45	1.70	0.025	0.015	570	570
	X80	0.12	0.45	1.85	0.025	0.015	625	625
GB/T 9711.1	L210	-	-	0.90	0.030	0.030	335	335
	L245	-	-	1.15	0.030	0.030	415	415
	L290	-	-	1.25	0.030	0.030	415	415
	L320	-	-	1.25	0.030	0.030	435	435
	L360	-	-	1.25	0.030	0.030	460	460
	L390	-	-	1.35	0.030	0.030	490	490
	L415	0.26	-	1.35	0.030	0.030	520	520
	L450	0.26	-	1.40	0.030	0.030	535	535
	L485	0.23	-	1.60	0.030	0.030	570	570
GB/T3091/ SY/T503	Q195	0.12	0.30	0.50	0.035	0.040	315	315
	Q215B	0.15	0.35	1.20	0.045	0.045	335	335
	Q235B	0.20	0.35	1.40	0.045	0.045	370	370
	Q345B	0.20	0.50	1.70	0.035	0.035	470	470
ASTM A53	A	0.25	0.10	0.95	0.050	0.045	330	330
	B	0.30	0.10	1.20	0.050	0.045	415	415
ASTM A252	1	-	-	-	0.050	-	345	345
	2	-	-	-	0.050	-	414	414
	3	-	-	-	0.050	-	455	455
EN10217-1	P195TR1	0.13	0.35	0.70	0.025	0.020	320	320
	P195TR2	0.13	0.35	0.70	0.025	0.020	320	320
	P235TR1	0.16	0.35	1.20	0.025	0.020	360	360
	P235TR2	0.16	0.35	1.20	0.025	0.020	360	360
	P265TR1	0.20	0.40	1.40	0.025	0.020	410	410
	P265TR2	0.20	0.40	1.40	0.025	0.020	410	410
EN10217-2	P195GH	0.13	0.35	0.70	0.025	0.020	320	320
	P235GH	0.16	0.35	1.20	0.025	0.020	360	360
	P265GH	0.20	0.40	1.40	0.025	0.020	410	410
EN10217-5	P235GH	0.16	0.35	1.20	0.025	0.020	360	360
	P265GH	0.20	0.40	1.40	0.025	0.020	410	410
EN10219-1	S235JRH	0.17	-	1.40	0.040	0.040	360	360
	S275JOH	0.20	-	1.50	0.035	0.035	410	410
	S275J2H	0.20	-	1.50	0.030	0.030	410	410
	S355JOH	0.22	0.55	1.60	0.035	0.035	470	470
	S355J2H	0.22	0.55	1.60	0.030	0.030	470	470
	S355K2H	0.22	0.55	1.60	0.030	0.030	470	470

​